ADOPTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEARNING: THE ROLE OF DIGITAL LITERACY AND TEACHER READINESS IN IMPROVING LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS

Abstract

Abstract

This study aims to examine the influence of digital literacy and teacher readiness on the adoption of AI and its impact on learning effectiveness in senior high schools. The research employed a quantitative approach using SEM-PLS to analyze the relationships among the proposed variables.  Data were collected from 300 senior high school teachers through a structured questionnaire distributed using a purposive sampling technique. The measurement model was evaluated using reliability and validity tests, including Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and AVE, while the structural model was assessed using path coefficients, coefficient of determination (R²), and hypothesis testing through bootstrapping procedures.  The findings indicate that digital literacy has a positive and significant effect on the adoption of Artificial Intelligence in teaching practices. In addition, teacher readiness also significantly influences the adoption of AI, suggesting that teachers who possess higher levels of technological awareness and adaptive capability are more likely to integrate AI tools into their instructional activities. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the adoption of Artificial Intelligence significantly enhances learning effectiveness, particularly through improved access to digital learning resources, adaptive learning support, and data-driven instructional strategies. The study also reveals that digital literacy and teacher readiness contribute directly to learning effectiveness.  These findings highlight the critical role of teacher competence and readiness in supporting the successful integration of AI-based technologies in education. The study provides important implications for policymakers and educational institutions in designing professional development programs aimed at strengthening teachers’ digital competencies and readiness for technology-driven learning environments.

Keywords: digital literacy; teacher readiness; artificial intelligence in education; technology adoption; learning effectiveness