EQUILIBRIUM: JURNAL PENELITIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN EKONOMI
EQUILIBRIUM: Jurnal penelitian Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (p-ISSN 0216-5287 e-ISSN 2614-5839) is a peer-reviewed journal published in Indonesia by the Department of Economic Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, the University of Kuningan (PE FKIP UNIKU) in collaboration with the Assosiasi Profesi Pendidik Ekonomi Indonesia (ASPROPENDO).
Department of Economic Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, the University of Kuningan
REFORMULATION OF VILLAGE FOOD RESERVE POLICY IN TEMANGGUNG REGENCY
Food security, as one of the foundations of regional development, is determined not only by food availability but also by the affordability and stability of community access to food. Temanggung Regency has relatively high food production potential, but still faces challenges such as fluctuations in commodity production, decreased food availability in certain periods, gaps in Expected Food Pattern (PPH) scores compared to provincial and national averages, and vulnerability of low-income household purchasing power due to food price fluctuations. This study aims to formulate a reformulation of the Village Food Reserve policy as an instrument for strengthening food security while protecting the purchasing power of vulnerable households in Temanggung Regency. The study uses a qualitative approach with a policy analysis design supported by descriptive analysis of secondary data on food production, livestock, fisheries, food availability, and PPH in Temanggung Regency for the 2021–2025 period. The analysis is conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions to identify gaps in policy implementation and formulate adaptive policy alternatives. The results show that the high regional food production capacity has not been fully followed by strengthening food reserves at the village level as a mechanism for stabilizing supply and prices. Policy reforms are aimed at strengthening Village Food Reserve governance based on local production potential, an early warning system for food insecurity, collaboration between stakeholders, and targeted distribution mechanisms for vulnerable households. This policy model is expected to improve regional food security, maintain food price stability, and strengthen community purchasing power in a sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 EQUILIBRIUM: JURNAL PENELITIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN EKONOMI
THE EFFECT OF BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION AND SELF-EFFICACY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION WITH NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT AS A MODERATOR VARIABLE
The aim of this research is to describe the influence of recognizing business opportunities on entrepreneurial intentions, the influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions, the influence of need for achievement on entrepreneurial intentions, the moderation of need for achievement on the influence of recognizing business opportunities on entrepreneurial intentions, the moderation of need for achievement on the influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions of class XII SMK students in Cigugur District and Kuningan District, Kuningan Regency. This research uses a correlational quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study was all students in class XII of SMK in Cigugur District and Kuningan District, Kuningan Regency with a total of 2099 people. This research sample used the Slovin formula and proportionate stratified random sampling with a total of 336 people. Data collection techniques include distributing questionnaires and analyzing them through moderated regression. Based on the research results, it is known that the influence of recognizing business opportunities has a significantly positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions, the influence of self-efficacy has a significantly positive influence on entrepreneurial intentions, the influence of need for achievement has a significantly positive influence on entrepreneurial intentions, the need for achievement significantly strengthens the influence of recognizing business opportunities on entrepreneurial intentions, and the need for achievement significantly strengthens the influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions of class XII SMK students in Cigugur District and Kuningan District, Kuningan Regency. Therefore, schools are advised to integrate programs that develop the need for achievement into the entrepreneurship curriculum in order to optimize the influence of introducing business opportunities and students' self-efficacy in increasing their entrepreneurial intentions.
STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY-BASED LEARNING MEDIA IN IMPROVING PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE
Abstract This study aims to analyze pre-service teachers' perceptions of technology-based learning media use in enhancing pedagogical competence. The research employed a mixed-method approach with sequential explanatory design. The population consisted of students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Kuningan University for the 2025/2026 academic year across 6 study programs, with 250 students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Research instruments included a validated Technology Acceptance Model based perception questionnaire and semi-structured interview guidelines. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Results indicate that students have very positive perceptions toward the usefulness of technology-based learning media with mean score 4.28 and ease of use with score 4.15. Contribution to pedagogical competence shows high scores of 4.31, with the greatest contribution in designing innovative learning at 87.3% and developing teaching creativity at 84.6%. Significant differences in perceptions exist among study programs, with Elementary Teacher Education showing the highest perception. Main supporting factors include ease of information access, learning flexibility, and increased engagement, while inhibiting factors include infrastructure limitations, costs, and digital literacy gaps. Keywords: student perception; technology-based learning media; pedagogical competence; pre-service teachers; Technology Acceptance Model
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BANK BPD BALI BASED ON PROFITABILITY RATIOS(2020-2024 PERIOD)
BPD Bali plays a strategic role in regional economic development. Therefore, it is essential to maintain healthy and sustainable financial performance to support regional economic stability and growth. This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD) Bali based on profitability ratios, namely Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) during the 2020–2024 period. The research approach used is descriptive quantitative with evaluative analysis. Data are sourced from Bank BPD Bali's annual financial reports, which are processed to calculate profitability ratios and compared with Indonesian banking industry standards. The analysis was conducted to assess the bank's ability to generate profits and its operational efficiency. The results show that BPD Bali's ROA and ROE are in the "Very Healthy" category, with averages of 2.04% and 17.22%, respectively, indicating effective asset and capital management. While the NIM fluctuated significantly, particularly in 2022–2023, the five-year average of 3.90% is considered "Healthy." Meanwhile, BOPO (Operating Inefficiency) showed high operational inefficiency, with an average of 1,029.45%, categorized as "Unhealthy," indicating significant operating cost pressure relative to operating income. Overall, BPD Bali has consistently generated profits, but operational efficiency improvements are needed to maintain sustainable profitability.
THE EFFECT OF THE POWER OF TWO ACTIVE LEARNING STRATEGY ON LEARNING ACTIVITIES
This research analyzes the influence of the Power of Two type active learning strategy on student learning activities in class IX social studies learning at Mts Jami' Al- Kautsar Kijang Makmur District. Kampar. The aim of this research is to find out how students' learning activities are after using the Power of Two type of active learning strategy in class IX social studies learning, then to find out the effect of the Power of Two type of active learning strategy on student learning activities. in class IX social studies learning.This study is a pre-experimental (non-design) with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The researcher used a saturated sampling technique, often used when the population is relatively small, less than 30 students. The population of this study was all ninth-grade students at Mts Jami' Al-Kautsar Kijang Makmur, consisting of one study group of 28 students. The analysis techniques used were descriptive and inferential analysis.The results of this descriptive study indicate that student learning activities after using the Power of Twoactive learning strategy in ninth-grade social studies at Mts Jami' Al-Kautsar Kijang Makmur were in the very high category, compared to before using the Power of Twoactive learning strategy, which was in the moderate category. The results of the inferential analysis of the hypothesis test data using the difference test obtained a Sign value (two-tailed) that was less than alpha and the t test with manual calculations obtained a calculated t value that was more than the t table, this indicates that Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant influence of the use of the active learning strategy of the Power of Two type on the learning activities of class IX students of Mts Jami'Al-Kautsar Kijang Makmur. Selecting the right learning strategy can enhance learning activities in line with the desired learning objectives. The power of two active learning strategies can improve students' independent thinking and discussion skills, as well as their motivation to learn.
THE EFFECT OF QR E-WALLET PAYMENT METHODS, MONEY AVAILABILITY, AND LIFESTYLE ON IMPULSIVE BUYING AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This study examines the effects of QR code–based e-wallet payment methods, money availability, and lifestyle on impulsive buying among Economics Education students at the University of Lampung. A quantitative descriptive–verificative approach was applied using ex post facto and survey methods, with data collected from 283 students through questionnaires and analyzed using t-tests and F-tests in SPSS. The independent variables contributed significantly to impulsive spending, both simultaneously and partially. The F test produced an F above the critical value (88.434 > 2.66), with an R² of 0.621, proving that 62.1% of impulsive buying behavior can be explained by the independent variables, with the remaining 37.9% being influenced by other factors. The novelty of this study lies in the combined analysis of QR-based digital payments, money availability, and lifestyle, which have rarely been examined together in previous research. The findings highlight the importance of financial management and financial literacy to reduce impulsive buying behavior among students.
THE ROLE OF FORMAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT EDUCATION ON THE FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF GENERATION Z
Generation Z increasingly faces financial management challenges characterized by high consumption tendencies, weak saving behavior, and low engagement in investment activities. In this context, formal financial management education plays a strategic role in shaping more rational financial behavior. This study seeks to analyze how formal financial management education influences consumption patterns, saving habits, and investment decisions among Generation Z. This research employs a quantitative approach. The sample consists of 75 students from the Polytechnic of State Finance STAN who have completed a Financial Management course. Data collection was conducted through an online Likert-scale questionnaire, and the resulting data were examined using simple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that formal financial management education has a positive and significant effect on all three dimensions of financial behavior. The strongest effect is observed in investment behavior, followed by consumption and saving behavior. These findings suggest that formal financial management education contributes meaningfully to promoting more rational and long-term oriented financial behavior among Generation Z.
THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL DESIRE AND INSTAGRAM SOCIAL MEDIA IN INCREASING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH
This study aims to analyze the effects of emotional desire and Instagram social media on customer satisfaction and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM), as well as to examine the mediating role of customer satisfaction among consumers of Nomi-Nomi Delight East Jakarta. This research employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires from 170 respondents selected via purposive sampling in November 2025. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS software. The results indicate that emotional desire has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, but does not significantly influence e-WOM. In contrast, Instagram social media has a positive and dominant effect on both customer satisfaction and e-WOM. Furthermore, customer satisfaction does not have a significant effect on e-WOM and fails to mediate the relationships between emotional desire and Instagram social media on e-WOM. These findings emphasize that emotional factors play a greater role in shaping internal customer satisfaction, while electronic word-of-mouth behavior is more strongly driven by the strength of digital marketing activities and content, particularly on Instagram, thereby providing strategic implications for the development of digital marketing strategies in the culinary business sector.
emotional desire; social media instagram; customer satisfaction; e-WOM
FINANCIAL LITERACY AND ACCESS TO LEARNING RESOURCES ON FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR THROUGH FINANCIAL SELF-EFFICACY
This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy and access to learning resources on the financial behavior of students at SMKN 2 Semarang, with financial self-efficacy (FSE) serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was employed by distributing questionnaires to 207 students in the Accounting Expertise Program. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The results indicate that financial literacy has a significant effect on FSE, while access to learning resources does not show a significant influence. FSE strongly affects financial behavior, whereas financial literacy and access to learning resources do not provide a direct effect on students’ financial behavior. Mediation analysis reveals that FSE fully mediates the relationship between financial literacy and financial behavior and partially mediates the relationship between access to learning resources and financial behavior. These findings highlight that students’ confidence in managing finances plays an essential role in shaping more responsible financial behavior. The study recommends strengthening FSE through practice-based financial learning, improving the quality of financial literacy materials, and providing relevant and accessible learning resources.
THE EFFECT OF EASE OF USE OF QRIS AND SOCIAL MEDIA ON IMPULSE BUYING BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SEMARANG
The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed consumer behavior paradigms, where the convenience of digital payments and the intensity of social media usage have become critical factors influencing impulse buying behavior among Generation Z. This study aims to analyze the effects of QRIS ease of use and social media usage intensity on impulse buying behavior among Generation Z students in Semarang City, with self-control as a mediating variable. This study employs a quantitative approach with explanatory research design involving 239 students from three public universities in Semarang City. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software. The results indicate that QRIS ease of use does not have a significant direct effect on impulse buying, whereas social media usage intensity has a significant positive effect and self-control has a significant negative effect on impulse buying. Mediation testing using the Sobel Test demonstrates that self-control plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between QRIS ease of use and social media usage intensity on impulse buying. This research provides theoretical contributions by enriching the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory in the digital economy context and offers practical implications for digital marketing practitioners, educational institutions, and policymakers in developing digital financial literacy strategies to foster rational consumption patterns among students.
impulse buying; QRIS; social media; self-control; Generation Z
DESCRIPTION OF BASIC TEACHING SKILLS IN CARRYING OUT THE DUTIES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN BORDER AREAS
This study aims to describe the current conditions of primary school teachers' competencies in Indonesian border areas (Kalimantan) in terms of Pedagogic, Personality, Social, and Professional aspects. The research method uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with literature review and limited field data. The results indicate that despite teachers in border areas normatively meeting formal qualification standards, the implementation and development of these four competencies still face significant constraints. Pedagogic competency is hindered by minimal use of innovative methods and ICT due to infrastructure limitations (Claro et al., 2024; Gangmei & Thomas, 2025). Professional competency is restricted by difficult access to learning resources and continuous self-development (Barnes et al., 2024; Fischer & McLean, 2024). Meanwhile, Social and Personality Competencies demand high adaptation to multicultural environments and geographical communication barriers. Comparatively, the quality of primary school teacher competencies in Indonesian border areas is not optimal and tends to lag behind neighboring countries' education systems, supported by more adequate infrastructure and continuous professional development focus. The main gap is caused by limitations in digital facilities and infrastructure, as well as welfare and incentive issues for teachers in Indonesia's 3T (Frontier, Outermost, Disadvantaged) regions. The emphasis on focused government policy intervention on improving ICT infrastructure and enhancing welfare and special incentives for border teachers is a key prerequisite to improving primary school teacher competencies to achieve professional quality standards.
teacher competencies; professional development
SUSTAINABLE MSME TRANSFORMATION: INTEGRATION OF GREEN ACCOUNTING, DIGITAL COMPETENCE, AND PUBLIC POLICY
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the Indonesian economy, but face significant challenges such as low financial literacy, technological limitations, and demands for sustainable business practices. This study aims to analyze the role of green accounting and digital competence in improving the sustainable performance of MSMEs, as well as to examine the extent to which government regulations can moderate this relationship. A quantitative approach was used by distributing questionnaires to ninety-three MSME respondents, the research method used was a survey. Primary data were analyzed using multiple correlation analysis and multiple linear regression with the help of SmartPLS software. The results show that green accounting and digital competence significantly affect the sustainable performance of MSMEs. Higher implementation of green accounting is positively correlated with better economic, social, and environmental performance. Similarly, the ability of MSMEs to utilize digital technology has been proven to increase operational efficiency, expand market access, and support sustainable innovation. However, sustainable government regulations do not show a significant effect on the sustainable performance of MSMEs, nor do they moderate the relationship between green accounting and digital competence with the sustainable performance of MSMEs. This indicates that internal factors of MSMEs are more dominant than external regulations. Therefore, MSMEs are advised to strengthen green accounting and digital competencies, while the government needs to design policies that are more implementable, inclusive, and relevant to the needs of MSMEs, such as providing tax incentives, mentoring programs, and training in green accounting and digital literacy.
Green accounting; Digital Competency; Sustainable Performance; Smes; Government Regulations
THE EFFECT OF PROMOTION AND SERVICE QUALITY ON PURCHASING DECISIONS FOR BINTANG COFFEE
Increasingly fierce competition in the coffee shop business requires entrepreneurs to come up with the right marketing strategies to attract consumers. One important factor is effective promotion and quality service that can satisfy customers and encourage them to make a purchase. This study aims to analyze the effect of promotion and service quality as independent variables on purchasing decisions as a dependent variable at Bintang Coffee. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach, with a correlational research design and quantitative methods through a survey approach. The research sample consisted of 90 respondents who were Bintang Coffee consumers. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results of the study indicate that promotion and service quality have a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions. This confirms that the right promotional strategy, when supported by optimal service quality, can increase interest and purchasing decisions. The recommendation of this study is the need for Bintang Coffee management to continue to improve service and strengthen promotional strategies through relevant and effective media.
WORK STRESS AS A MEDIATOR OF THE EFFECT OF WORKLOAD AND CONFLICT ON TURNOVER INTENTION
This study aims to examine the relationship between workload and work conflict and job stress and their implications for turnover intentions. The subjects were nurses at South Tangerang City General Hospital, who daily face task pressures and the dynamics of work relationships. This study employed a quantitative approach with a causal research design. The sample consisted of 130 respondents selected from the total nurse population. Data were obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis techniques. The results showed that workload and work conflict have an influence that increases nurses' stress levels. Stressful conditions have been shown to increase the desire to leave their jobs. Furthermore, workload and work conflict, both individually and in combination, contribute directly to turnover intentions. These findings emphasize that excessive workload and unmanaged conflict can exacerbate nurses' psychological distress, thus encouraging the desire to move to another workplace. Based on these results, it is recommended that hospital management reorganize the distribution of workload, manage inter-employee conflict more constructively, and provide psychological support to reduce stress and decrease turnover intentions.
THE EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SOCIAL NORMS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS WITH LOCUS OF CONTROL AS A MODERATOR
Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2024, Indonesia’s population reached 281 million, with approximately 4.4 million entrepreneurs. This also indicates that Indonesia is still quite far from the minimum recommended percentage of entrepreneurs in a country, which is 2% (McClelland, 1961). This means that only 1.57% of the population are entrepreneurs.The purpose of this study was to determine the Influence of Entrepreneurial Knowledge and Social Norms on Entrepreneurial Intention with Internal Locus of Control as a Moderator on Grade XII State Vocational High School Students in Kuningan Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach of the correlational type with a survey method. The population of the study was all grade XII students of State Vocational High Schools in Kuningan Regency totaling 5441 people. The sample was determined using the Slovin formula and proportionate stratified random sampling of 373 people. The data collection technique used field research in the form of a questionnaire which was analyzed through moderated regression. Based on the results of the study, it is known that entrepreneurial knowledge has a significant negative effect on entrepreneurial intention; Social norms have a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions; Internal locus of control has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions; Internal locus of control significantly weakens the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial intentions; and Internal locus of control significantly strengthens the effect of social norms on entrepreneurial intentions. Therefore, it is necessary to restructure the entrepreneurship curriculum to place greater emphasis on strengthening a positive social environment and internal locus of control rather than merely mastering cognitive theory, in order to increase the effectiveness of shaping students' entrepreneurial intentions.
THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Leadership Style and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT Lancar Wiguna Sejahtera Tangerang Selatan, both partially and simultaneously. The method used is the Quantitative Associative method. The population in this study is the employees of PT Lancar Wiguna Sejahtera Tangerang Selatan. The number of samples used is 63 respondents. Data analysis methods used simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, partial t-test, and F-test. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence of Leadership Style on employee performance at PT Lancar Wiguna Sejahtera Tangerang Selatan, as evidenced by the simple linear regression equation Y=18.784+0.524X1. There is a positive and significant influence of Work Discipline on employee performance at PT Lancar Wiguna Sejahtera Tangerang Selatan, as evidenced by the simple linear regression equation Y=17.399+0.568X2. Simultaneously, there is a positive and significant influence of Leadership Style and Work Discipline on employee performance at PT Lancar Wiguna Sejahtera Tangerang Selatan, as evidenced by the multiple linear regression equation Y=11.954+0.358X1+0.341X2. In conclusion, this study shows that effective leadership style and high work discipline significantly contribute to improving employee performance, making them key factors in human resource management within an organization. It is recommended that leaders in organizations adopt a more inclusive and communicative leadership style to motivate employees. Additionally, enhancing work discipline training programs can help create a more productive and efficient work environment. Keywords: leadership style; work discipline; employee performance
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THE INFLUENCE OF WORK DISCIPLINE AND PHYSICAL WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE PT LOGIX INDONESIA
This study aims to determine the influence of work discipline and physical work environment on employee performance at PT F1 Logix Indonesia Cikarang Pusat. The research methodology used is the associative method. The population in this study consists of all employees at PT F1 Logix Indonesia Cikarang Pusat, totaling 60 employees. The sample size used in this study is 60 respondents, selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data analysis methods include simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, correlation coefficients, determination coefficients, partial t-tests, and simultaneous F-tests. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence of work discipline on employee performance at PT F1 Logix Indonesia Cikarang Pusat, as evidenced by the simple linear regression equation. There is a positive and significant influence of the physical work environment on employee performance. Simultaneously, there is a positive and significant influence of work discipline and physical work environment on employee performance at PT F1 Logix Indonesia Cikarang Pusat. Companies need to ensure and improve good work ethics in the minds of employees by providing encouragement and motivation. This will shape positive work ethics in the eyes of employees, and directly improve their future performance.
THE POTENTIAL OF TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN IMPROVING THE COMMUNITY'S ECONOMY
The community must be adept at recognizing the potential that exists to survive in a developing economy. One way is by utilizing the market as a source of livelihood. The market has great potential to create a better community economy. This study aims to find out whether Mundu Market has the potential to improve the economy of the community in Mundu District and what the economic perspective is regarding the behavior of Mundu Market traders in improving the economy. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research with data collection through interviews and observation. In this research the author chose 21 informants, namely 14 traders, 5 buyers, 1 head of Mundu Market. The results obtained from this research are that Mundu Market has the potential to improve the economy of the Mundu community. The conclusion of this research is that Mundu Market provides changes to traders in the economic and educational fields, so that traders gain more profits and can increase children's education to a higher level. Then, the behavior of traders at Mundu Market exemplifies a good, polite and honest attitude when trading. Thus, this will give a good impression to buyers to shop again, because buyers trust the merchant. Apart from that, traders also often give bonuses that make buyers happier when shopping at Mundu Market.
DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS FOR MIE GACOAN IN SEMARANG CITY
This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality, price perception, and promotion on consumer purchasing decisions in the culinary industry, with a case study of Mie Gacoan in Semarang City. This study uses a quantitative approach, with the population consisting of consumers who have purchased Mie Gacoan in Semarang City and a sample of 100 respondents collected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) via SmartPLS 4.0 software. The study found that price perception and promotion significantly influence purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, service quality does not significantly influence purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, service quality, price perception, and promotion significantly influence purchasing decisions. This study indicates that price and promotion play a dominant role in influencing consumer preferences in making purchasing decisions. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of targeted pricing and promotion strategies. Additionally, there is a need to enhance service quality as a value-added element in maintaining customer loyalty within the competitive culinary industry
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AS PREDICTORS OF JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
This study is motivated by the importance of the role of leadership and commitment in improving the quality of human resource performance in the Islamic banking sector. Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior are two important indicators that reflect the effectiveness of the organization in creating a productive and harmonious work environment. This study aims to test and analyze the effect of transformational leadership and organizational commitment on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior of employees in one of the national Islamic banks. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to the entire employee population. The data analysis technique was carried out using a structural equation modeling approach using statistical analysis software. The results of the study indicate that both transformational leadership and organizational commitment have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. These findings indicate that an inspirational leadership style and high employee commitment to the organization can improve work quality and positive behavior in the organization. The researcher recommends that company management continue to strengthen the transformative leadership style and build an organizational culture that encourages employee loyalty and involvement in a sustainable manner.
ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL THEORY IN ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS: PERSPECTIVES FROM ADAM SMITH TO JOHN STUART MILL
Social inequality and development stagnation in many developing countries highlight the need for an economic framework that integrates not only material growth but also moral and spiritual dimensions. In this context, revisiting classical economic theory is crucial to assess its relevance and potential integration with Islamic economic values. This study aims to analyze the thoughts of classical economists such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Robert Malthus, and John Stuart Mill in relation to Islamic principles like justice, balance, and social responsibility. A descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach was employed. The findings suggest that key classical principles such as market efficiency, labor specialization, and capital accumulation can be contextualized within Islamic economics through mechanisms like zakat, waqf, and the prohibition of riba. Moreover, spiritual values and accountability to God extend the meaning of development from mere economic growth to holistic well-being. The study recommends future empirical research to assess the practical implementation of this theoretical integration in development policies, especially in Muslim-majority countries.
ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODAL LEARNING AND LEARNING SKILLS INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS' DIGITAL LITERACY COMPETENCIES
The majority of students tend to ignore efforts to learn how to use technology effectively. Many students still spend more time on social media to socialize than using digital platforms for learning purposes. Undirected use of social media can reduce their ability to access and analyze information critically. This study aims to analyze the effect of the use of multimodal learning in learning in technology literacy courses and students' learning skills on the level of digital literacy. The population in this study were 225 students of the 2024-2025 academic year, Level III students of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. The type of research used is quantitative research with a survey method. The data collection technique used is through the distribution of questionnaires. The data analysis technique was carried out using multiple regression. The results of the study showed that there was a positive and significant influence, both partially and simultaneously, between multimodal learning and learning skills on students' digital literacy competencies. Increasing competency and skills in mastering digital literacy and optimizing multimodal-based learning for students in the 21st century, which is often referred to as the digitalization era, is very much needed. Efforts to increase and build awareness and capacity in digital literacy through multimodal learning can facilitate students to be able to compete and adapt to technological developments in the future. Keywords: multimodal learning; learning skills; digital literacy
multimodal learning; learning skills; digital literacy
SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS STRATEGY OF ARDHIFER FERTILIZER USING THE CANVAS BUSINESS MODEL
As an agrarian nation, fertilizers have emerged as a fundamental requirement for sustaining the agricultural environment in Indonesia. The Dangiang Pilar Pajajaran Consumer Cooperative manufacture Ardhifer fertilizer to meet this requirement. From a business perspective, Pupuk Ardhifer needs to concentrate on ensuring its benefits reach a wider audience. The business model canvas serves as an analytical instrument for formulating the business strategy of Pupuk Ardhifer. The study aimed to analyze the sustainable business practices of Pupuk Ardhifer, formulate a business model canvas for the company, and identify priority strategies based on nine key factors as a foundation for business development plans. The study employed qualitative descriptive methods, utilizing data sourced from interviews with supervisors and cooperative managers, alongside additional information gathered from focus group discussions (FGD) with expert speakers. The research findings demonstrate that the sustainable business model employed by Pupuk Ardhifer utilizes an integrated farming concept, characterized by collaboration among breeders, cooperatives, and farmers. The analysis of the business model canvas indicates that the Dangiang Pilar Pajajaran Consumer Cooperative should prioritize three elements to expand its market reach and enhance production capacity: key resources, key partnerships, and channels.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE PPG PROGRAM AND THE TEACHING PROFESSION ON INTEREST IN BECOMING A TEACHER
The objective of this study is to explore how students' attitude towards the Teacher Professional Education (PPG) Program and toward the teaching profession influences their willingness to be a teacher. In this research, a quantitative paradigm in the mode of survey technique was utilized, conducted at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP), Universitas Kuningan, during the 2024/2025 academic year. 71 students were proportionately randomly selected using Slovin's formula. Likert-scale questionnaire data were analyzed with the help of SPSS using multiple linear regression. It has been revealed that students' perceptions towards the PPG Program and the teaching profession play an important role in shaping their interest in pursuing a career as a teacher. Positive attitudes towards the PPG and teaching profession foster students' interest in becoming teachers. Attitudes account for approximately 36.8% of students' interest in becoming teachers. These findings indicate that improving students' positive attitudes towards both the PPG Program and the teaching profession can increase more interest in being a teacher. While all that variance can be explained by inherent ability, other external factors not included in this study, such as family background, learning experiences, and social influences, account for the remaining 63.2% of the variance, which can contribute to influencing the career choices of students as well. Though student perceptions of the PPG Program are generally moderate to positive, their perceptions of the teaching profession as a whole, particularly of teacher welfare and workload, remain quite low. This inequality is clearly in view of the necessity of systemic remedies to the objective conditions of teaching as a profession, like career prospects and social standing. Consolidating these elements not only helps to draw talented teachers, but also benefits the long-term continuation of the profession.
EVALUATION OF STRENGTHENING CHARACTER EDUCATION AT ANNUQAYAH SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM
Character education serves as a vital effort in shaping students who uphold moral values, ethics, and personal integrity. It is a key objective in school-based education, particularly in nurturing a generation that embodies strong national character. The implementation of a school curriculum that emphasizes the reinforcement of character education functions as an essential strategy to promote a safe and supportive learning environment. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the educational program at SMA Annuqayah, particularly in the school curriculum, with a focus on strengthening students’ character education. The research employs a qualitative approach, concentrating on the implementation of learning strategies, student engagement, and school policies that support the enhancement of character education. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the implementation of the school curriculum aimed at character development has been carried out effectively. Overall, character education at SMA Annuqayah has been successfully implemented through various intracurricular activities, extracurricular programs, and the cultivation of school culture. Although there are several factors that may hinder the process of strengthening character education, these challenges serve as opportunities for the school to continuously innovate through interactive learning and by enhancing the involvement of teachers and students in academic processes.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 9001:2005 QUALITY STANDARDS ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE
This study was conducted with teachers and educational staff at SMK Negeri 3 Kuningan. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of ISO certification planning, organizational commitment, and procedure implementation on school performance. The population in this study consisted of 173 respondents. Data collection methods used questionnaires, and the data analysis technique applied was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the tests indicate that ISO certification planning, organizational commitment, and procedure implementation have a positive and significant effect on school performance. Additionally, ISO certification planning positively and significantly influences school performance, organizational commitment positively and significantly influences school performance, and procedure implementation positively and significantly impacts school performance.
PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF TAPIN DISTRICT IN 2024
The declining position of the Tapin Regency Human Development Index (HDI) over the past two years is an indication of irregularities in public services. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study on the performance of public services in the food security and agriculture sector. The purpose of this study is to collect, process, analyze, and interpret data on public perceptions of public services performances in the food security and agriculture sector. The study method include taking secondary data from government, business community and civil society. The results are mapped during the 2023 budget year, then primary data is collected through sample, informant and in-depth interview techniques. The results of the study show that there is an increase in the quantity and quality of services provided by the Tapin Regency government in the food security and agriculture sector. However, the increase in service has not been able to satisfy the community. Feelings of dissatisfaction arise because the community has experienced similar services from business community. In this case, several coal mining companies provide periodic services to the community around. BMB Block-2 coal mining company has succeeded in empowering the community's economy through the development of goat farming in Pantai Cabe Village. In conclusion, business community (through the company's CSR program) in Tapin Regency is considered to have higher quality. Therefore, it is recommended that the bureaucracy within the Tapin Regency Government follow the public service practices of the business community in the field of food security and agriculture.
THE EFFECT OF PRICE PERCEPTION, BRAND IMAGE AND EWOM ON PURCHASING DECISIONS
The growing interest in coffee consumption in Indonesia has led to the proliferation of various coffee brands, including Kopi Tuku, which is the focus of this study. This research examines the influence of price perception, brand image, and electronic word of mouth (EWOM) on consumers' purchasing decisions at Kopi Tuku. The study employs a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression statistical method, including t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Accidental sampling was used to select 126 respondents who were customers of Kopi Tuku between December 2024 and January 2025. Data was collected through questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis results indicate that price perception and EWOM significantly impact purchasing decisions, while brand image does not. These findings suggest that Kopi Tuku consumers are susceptible to price and are strongly influenced by recommendations from others. This research provides insights for Kopi Tuku's management to focus on competitive pricing strategies and leverage EWOM platforms. However, strengthening brand image should remain a priority for long-term customer loyalty. This study is expected to contribute to the development of Kopi Tuku's marketing strategy.
INCREASING UNDERSTANDING OF ISLAMIC FINANCE AMONG STUDENTS OF STAI PUTRA GALUH CIAMIS
Understanding shari’a finance is increasingly important because the need for knowledge about shari’a financial management continues to increase, especially among students. However, in reality students still have limited understanding of the basic concepts of shari’a finance, shari’a financial products, as well as the basic differences between shari’a and conventional finance. This research aims to analyze how understanding of shari’a finance develops among STAI Putra Galuh Ciamis students, by highlighting existing challenges and opportunities that can be exploited in developing understanding of shari’a finance. This research method uses qualitative with a descriptive design, where information is obtained through question and answer sessions and direct observation of students at STAI Putra Galuh Ciamis. The research results show that even though there is a basic understanding of shari’a finance, there are still many challenges faced by students, such as lack of access to relevant information, low interest in exploring this topic, and limited open materials related to understanding shari’a finance. However, this research also identifies a number of opportunities, such as increasing the potential for understanding through more structured education and training programs, as well as collaboration between educational institutions and Islamic financial institutions to provide more adequate resources. It is hoped that the results of this research can make a significant contribution in developing shari’a financial understanding programs in universities, especially at STAI Putra Galuh Ciamis, as well as becoming a reference in efforts to increase students' understanding of financial management that follows shari’a rules.
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THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH WORK MOTIVATION AS A MEDIATOR VARIABLE
The findings from the preliminary study conducted at Bank BWS KC Bogor showed that employee work results were still declining, achievement of work targets was still hampered, work standards were still not in accordance with expectations, and problem solving at work was still less than optimal. The problems that occurred were suspected to be caused by leadership factors and low work motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether leadership had an effect on employee performance; and whether work motivation mediated the influence of leadership on employee performance at Bank BWS KC Bogor. The method used in this study was a survey method with a correlational approach. The population in this study were all employees at Bank BWS KC Bogor, totaling 56 people. The instrument used in this study was a type of questionnaire that measured the Likert attitude scale with 5 (five) alternative answers. The data analysis technique used was mediation analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was found that leadership had a positive effect on employee performance. This means that the more effective the leadership, the more employee performance will increase; Work motivation partially mediates the influence of leadership on employee performance. This means that leadership affects employee performance both directly and indirectly, namely through work motivation.